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More articles from Infantools
Prematurity
Preterm birth is defined as any birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation (37+0). It has been estimated to account for up to 11 % of all births. Preterm birth is a substantial cause of neonatal and pediatric morbidity and mortality. Prematurity is the single most important cause of death in the…
Intraventricular hemorrhage
The intraventricular hemorrhage in the preterm infants usually originates in the germinal matrix (temporary developmental structure with significant vascular supply due to massive mitotic and metabolic activity). The structure is divided from the cerebral ventricles only by a thin layer of subependymal cells and disappears after 34 weeks of gestation – one…
Bicarbonate
Alkalinization with 4.2% Sodium Bicarbonate (0.5 mmol/mL) combats metabolic acidosis; interventions must target the underlying cause.
Late onset sepsis
Late onset sepsis (LOS) is an infectious complication in newborns that have clinical presentation after the first 72 hours of life. Sometimes also called nosocomial due to pathogenesis – contact with mother, breastmilk, invasive procedures, hands of healthcare personnel. LOS episodes significantly contribute to neonatal mortality and morbidity rates and can have lifelong…
Glucose Infusion Rate
Glucose Infusion Rate (GIR) is the speed at which intravenous glucose is given to a newborn to treat hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) – standard starting target = 4-6 mg/kg/min.
Definitions
Neonatal definitions are important in relation to categorization of infants into segments that carry a certain risk of associated morbidities. Newborns can be stratified based on Birth weight (BW), Gestational age (GA) and their relationship: Gestational age preterm newborns (< 37+0) term newborn (37+0 to 41+6) postterm newborn (> 41+6)…
