Bicarbonate
Alkalinization with 4.2% Sodium Bicarbonate (0.5 mmol/mL) combats metabolic acidosis; interventions must target the underlying cause.
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Insulin
Insulin is used for significant neonatal hyperglycemia if other key steps fail – lowering the intravenous glucose infusion rate, treating underlying condition (e.g. sepsis).
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Glucose Infusion Rate
Glucose Infusion Rate (GIR) is the speed at which intravenous glucose is given to a newborn to treat hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) – standard starting target = 4-6 mg/kg/min.
