Respiratory distress syndrome
Successful postnatal adaptation depends mainly on 2 factors: Spontaneous breathing (water in lungs resorbed into blood/lymphatic vessels = gas exchange = increased pO₂ = pulmonary vasodilation …
Persistent ductus arteriosus
Persistent/Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) connects aorta with main pulmonary artery (MPA) (or left pulmonary artery – LPA) and during fetal life serves as important right-left shunt => mixed …
Fetal growth
Child growth is associated with intense somatic and functional changes Growth = quantitative acquisition of body weight Development = qualitative changes associated with cell and tissue differentiation …
Neonatal examination
The goal of initial care after delivery is to ensure optimal conditions for postnatal adaptation and perform initial neonatal examination: bonding (mother – newborn) => important for lactation and neurodevelopment …
Microcephaly Macrocephaly
Primary prerequisite for the diagnosis of microcephaly/macrocephaly is the proper horizontal head circumference (HC) measurement (frontal-occipital circumference): supine position glabella – opisthocranion as anchor points normocephaly (32-38 …
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) = chronic lung disease (CLD) of newborns that is associated with acute respiratory failure (various origins) and mechanical ventilation (“old” BPD). BPD can be also …
Arrhythmia
Predominant heart rhythm in healthy newborns is sinus rhythm (variant respiratory arrhythmia). Heart rate (HR) can vary 70-190 beats per minute: depends on gestational age => the lower the …
Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding is a natural way for infants (predominantly term) to receive nutrition and it is recommended up to 2 years of age, with almost exclusive breastfeeding …
Birth injury
Birth injury is defined physical (mechanical) trauma of tissues and organs that is associated with birth (internal or external injury). Treatment is required for birth injury …
Perinatal asphyxia
Perinatal asphyxia = antepartum or intrapartum hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis associated with organ dysfunction (predominantly ventilation, circulation and neurologic impairment) Ventilation changes Compensatory tachypnea => primary apnea …
