Fetal growth is associated with intense somatic and functional changes Growth = quantitative acquisition of body weight Development = qualitative changes associated with cell and tissue differentiation of individual organ systems and their subsequent functional maturing Insulin + IGF-1 (Insulin-like growth factor 1) = main growth factors during fetal development and early postnatal…
Primary prerequisite for the diagnosis of microcephaly/macrocephaly is the proper horizontal head circumference (HC) measurement (frontal-occipital circumference): supine position glabella – opisthocranion as anchor points normocephaly (32-38 cm for a term newborn) => refer to percentile graphs for your hospital, region or country percentile graphs for preterm population (Fenton graphs) sexual dimorphism…
Hyperbilirubinemia is defined as serum bilirubin concentration > 25 μmol/l. However, clinical presentation (jaundice (icterus) – yellowish colouring of the skin, sclera and mucosa) is apparent in newborns usually around hyperbilirubinemia of 80-100 μmol/l. It is one of the most common clinical and laboratory findings in both term and preterm infants (antenatally, placenta is responsible for…
Disorders of sex development (DSD) were previously called intersex, incidence is approximately 1:5000 of live births. DSD encompass inadequate production of sex hormones, inappropriate hormonal functioning and gonad developmental anomalies. There is an increased risk of other associated anomalies and gonadal tumors. The patients may require surgery or hormone replacement therapy. Apart from clinical examination and imaging…
There is a number of different types of seizure activity in newborns. Seizure types subtle seizures (grimace, blinking, yawning, salivation, cycling, apnea) myoclonus clonic seizures (unifocal, multifocal) tonic seizures (generalized hypertonia, decerebration-like posture, growling, apnea, bulbar deviation) Etiology congenital CNS malformations hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) intracranial hemorrhage (intraventricular, subdural hemorrhage) meningitis, encephalitis medication hypoglycemia,…
No products in the cart.