Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract

Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract

Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) can be detected by the prenatal screening (ultrasound – hydronephrosis, megaureter, renal agenesis). Postnatal investigations include proper clinical examination (increased risk for urinary tract infections, blood pressure monitoring, edema, neurologic symptoms, abdominal mass) and imaging (ultrasound to measure transversal pelvic size, ureter diameter; X-ray cystourethrography to evaluate…

Renal failure

Renal failure

Acute renal failure (ARF) or acute kidney injury (AKI) features decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that leads to electrolyte and water metabolism disturbances and distortion of acid base homeostasis. The infants should be followed up by a pediatric nephrologist (hypertension, congenital anomalies). The basic division: prerenal→ hypovolemia (sepsis, shock, hemorrhage, dehydration)→ cardiac failure (congenital heart defects)→ hypoxia (perinatal asphyxia) renal→ acute…