Congenital anomalies of gastrointestinal tract

  • Hyperbilirubinemia

    Hyperbilirubinemia is defined as serum bilirubin concentration > 25 μmol/l. However, clinical presentation (jaundice (icterus) – yellowish colouring of the skin, sclera and mucosa) is apparent in newborns usually around hyperbilirubinemia of 80-100 μmol/l. It is one of the most common clinical and laboratory findings in both term and preterm infants (antenatally, placenta is responsible for…

  • Congenital anomalies of gastrointestinal tract

    Congenital anomalies of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) can be sometimes detected by the prenatal screening (ultrasound – polyhydramnios, direct visualisation of affected GIT; biochemistry – elevated alpha-fetoprotein in gastroschisis and omphalocele). Postnatal investigations include proper clinical examination (distended abdomen, vomiting with/without bilious aspirates) and imaging techniques (ultrasound, native or contrast radiography). The lower (distal) the obstruction in the…

  • Acute abdomen

    Acute abdomen events arise from a number of diseases based on the predominant pathophysiology. They require urgent revision. Basic division of acute abdomen in newborns: congenital gastrointestinal malformations non-inflammatory→ ileus of prematurity (IOP)→ spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP)→ incarceration of inguinal hernia→ testicular torsion (unilateral orchidectomy) inflammatory→ necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)→ peritonitis (usually…