Congenital infection is a relatively rare, infectious intrauterine complication. Sometimes also called fetal infections due to pathogenesis – transplacental transmission from mother to fetus. The pathogen can be the cause …
Late onset sepsis (LOS) is an infectious complication in newborns that have clinical presentation after the first 72 hours of life. Sometimes also called nosocomial due to pathogenesis – contact …
Early onset sepsis (EOS) is an infectious complication in newborns that have clinical presentation within the first 72 hours of life. Sometimes also called perinatal due to pathogenesis – vertical …
Acute abdominal events or conditions arise from a number of diseases based on the predominant pathophysiology. They require urgent revision. Basic division of acute abdomen in newborns: congenital gastrointestinal malformations …
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) belongs to acute abdomen events (inflammatory subgroup). It is typical disease of extreme prematurity – incidence is inversely proportional to advancing gestational age (1-5% of newborns admitted …
Congenital gastrointestinal (GIT) anomalies can be sometimes detected by the prenatal screening (ultrasound – polyhydramnios, direct visualisation of affected GIT; biochemistry – elevated alpha-fetoprotein in gastroschisis and omphalocele). Postnatal investigations …
Inherited thrombophilia permanent condition that can increase the risk for thrombosis formation in presence of other factors or triggers (see acquired conditions below) Leiden mutation of factor 5 = the …
Newborns (preterm in particular) have relatively low levels of pro-coagulation factors (vitamin K dependent factors), diminished platelet functions (their levels are similar to adults), as well as low anti-coagulation factors …
There are significant differences in white blood cell (WBC) total and differential counts between newborns and older children. Alterations in WBC total and differential count can be an early sign …
Polycythemia is defined by venous hemoglobin concentration > 220 g/l or by hematocrit value > 0.65 during the first week of life. It correlates clinically with hyperviscosity syndrome. The common …